UR-200

The UR-200, given the Western intelligence designation SS-X-10, was a Soviet two-stage intercontinental ballistic missile designed by Vladimir Chelomey at OKB-52 (NPO Mashinostroyeniya). It burned liquid oxygen and kerosene, carried a nominal payload of roughly 7,000 pounds, and was planned for launch from the ground or from converted R-16U silos. It was also meant to double as a space launch vehicle. Unusually for a Soviet ICBM of its day, it steered its first stage by gimbaled engines. Flight tests began at Baikonur in November 1963; nine launches were made, ending in October 1964, and the last was the only one to reach the long Pacific test range. The program was cancelled in 1965, after the fall of Chelomey's patron Nikita Khrushchev and as storable-propellant missiles matured, and the UR-200 was never deployed operationally. Western analysts at first confused it with the separate GR-1 orbital bombardment missile paraded in Red Square.