The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by the papacy between 1095 and 1291 against Muslim rulers for the recovery and defence of the Holy Land, part of a wider crusading movement. Western Christian forces established and defended Crusader states in the Levant for two centuries, but these states could not withstand the advance of the Mamluk Sultanate, which reunited Egypt and Muslim Syria by 1260 and went on to capture the Crusaders' last mainland strongholds in 1291. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
CombatantsThe papacy and Western Christian crusaders against Muslim rulers of the Holy Land, later the Mamluk Sultanate 1 OutcomeCrusader states in the Levant ultimately fell; the Mamluk Sultanate captured the Crusaders' last mainland strongholds in 1291 1 Classification
Conflict Type Connections
Associated With
The falchion, a heavy single edged cleaving sword, was carried by infantry and men at arms during the Crusades
The mangonel, a traction powered siege engine, was used by both Crusader and Muslim armies during the Crusades
Commanders and Forces
The Knights Hospitaller emerged from the aftermath of the First Crusade and served as a principal military order across the Crusades in the Levant for two centuries
Source Wikipedia: Knights Templar
Source Wikipedia: Mamluk
The Teutonic Knights served as a German military order combining hospital care with armed defense of the Crusader states
Uses
Source Wikipedia: Battering ram
In the Other Atlases
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Crusades
Lead section, para 1
military campaigns launched by the papacy ... against Muslim rulers for the recovery and defence of the Holy Land
Body: outcome
The Crusader states, however, were unable to withstand the advance of the Mamluks. Having reunited Egypt and Muslim Syria by 1260, they went on to attack the Crusader states, capturing the Crusaders' last mainland strongholds in 1291.
Conflict-type attribute (crusades)
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by the papacy between 1095 and 1291 against Muslim rulers for the recovery and defence of the Holy Land, part of a wider crusading movement.
View the SourceWikipedia: First Crusade
Battles and Campaigns: First Crusade, Infobox: Part ofQuote, Battles and Campaigns: First Crusade, Infobox: Part of
Part of the Crusades
Wikipedia: Second Crusade
Battles and Campaigns: Second Crusade, Infobox: Part ofQuote, Battles and Campaigns: Second Crusade, Infobox: Part of
Part of the Crusades and the Reconquista and Byzantine-Seljuk wars
Wikipedia: Third Crusade
Battles and Campaigns: Third Crusade, Infobox: Part ofQuote, Battles and Campaigns: Third Crusade, Infobox: Part of
Part of the Crusades and Byzantine-Seljuk wars
Wikipedia: Battle of Hattin
WikipediaBattles and Campaigns: Battle of Hattin, Infobox: Part ofQuote, Battles and Campaigns: Battle of Hattin, Infobox: Part of
Part of the Crusades
Wikipedia: Mamluk
Wikipedia: Knights Templar
Wikipedia: Battering ram
WikipediaUses: Battering Ram, Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: Battering Ram, Wikipedia article text
Historical instances of the usage of battering rams in sieges of major cities include: *The destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans *The Crusades *The Sack of Rome (410) *The various sieges of Constantinople There is a popular myth in Gloucester, England that the well known children's rhyme, Humpty
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