Libyan-Punic Infantry

The Libyco-Punic infantry were a Carthaginian force drawn from people of mixed Punic and African culture, whom Livy called a Punic race mixed with Africans, probably following Polybius. They lived in Carthaginian territory in Africa, around towns such as Utica and Hadrumetum, and were described as the most loyal and capable part of the Carthaginian army. From about the 5th century BC they also settled other Carthaginian colonies, in Iberia and Sicily. They shared many traits with Carthaginian citizens without equal rights, and by the 3rd century BC were the only subject group legally obliged to supply soldiers, who were paid as well as mercenaries. The article says they were present in all the major battles of the Punic Wars. Equipment began as hoplite style, with iron helmets, cuirasses, large shields and long spears, and later borrowed Roman arms.