Champa-Dai Viet War of 1471

The Champa-Dai Viet War of 1471 was launched by Emperor Le Thanh Tong of Dai Viet after a long escalation of border conflict with the kingdom of Champa, mobilizing a reported force of some 250,000 troops, roughly 150,000 by land and 100,000 by sea, against a Cham army of about 100,000. Vietnamese forces captured Champa's coastal fortifications and besieged its capital, Vijaya, for four days before artillery breached the city walls on March 22, 1471. The fall of Vijaya brought the capture of King Tra Toan and roughly 30,000 Cham captives, with tens of thousands more killed in the fighting and its aftermath. The war effectively destroyed Champa as a major regional power, with its northern territory annexed directly into Dai Viet and only a much reduced southern rump state, Panduranga, surviving afterward as a vassal, while large numbers of Cham refugees dispersed across Southeast Asia in the years that followed.