9K31 Strela-1

The 9K31 Strela-1 is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infrared-guided surface-to-air missile system developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K31. It is commonly known by its NATO reporting name SA-9 Gaskin. The system consists of a BRDM-2 amphibious vehicle carrying two pairs of ready-to-fire 9M31 missiles, with a crew of three made up of a commander, gunner and driver. The 9M31 missile was accepted into service after state trials in 1968, and an improved 9M31M version, the Strela-1M, entered service in 1970. Romania built its own version locally as the CA-95. The article lists many operators and records use in conflicts including the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, the Yugoslav wars, the Syrian Civil War and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.