R-29RMU Sineva

The R-29RMU Sineva, formally the R-29RMU2 Sineva, is a Russian liquid-fueled submarine-launched ballistic missile with the code RSM-54, the GRAU index 3M27 and the NATO designation SS-N-23A Skiff. It can carry four warheads and is designed to be launched from Delta IV-class submarines, each of which carries sixteen missiles. The missile was commissioned in 2007 and is expected to remain in service until at least 2030. Its development was part of a programme to prevent the weakening of Russia's nuclear deterrent after the Russian Navy declined in the 1990s, and it is seen as a rival to the solid-propellant Bulava. Test launches in February 2004 failed, successful launches followed from March 2004, and a first full-range test in October 2008 reportedly reached 11,547 kilometres. The missile has reportedly been modified into the R-29RMU2 Layner as of 2012.