R-7 Semyorka

The R-7 Semyorka was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile, designed by Sergei Korolev's OKB-1. It entered service as an ICBM on February 9, 1959, carrying a single thermonuclear warhead of 3 to 5 megatons over ranges of 8,000 to 8,800 kilometers, and saw 28 launches between 1957 and 1961 before its derivatives left military service by 1968. The same R-7 design also became the basis of the R-7 rocket family of orbital launch vehicles, including Sputnik, Vostok and Soyuz, which the space atlas covers separately as a launch vehicle rather than as a weapon.