The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 after Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, pitting Croatian government forces against the Yugoslav People's Army and Serb rebel forces that established the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina within Croatian territory in areas with a substantial ethnic Serb population. The war included prolonged sieges such as that of the city of Vukovar in 1991 and years of largely static frontline fighting punctuated by periods of intense violence. Decisive Croatian offensives in 1995, Operations Flash and Storm, rapidly recaptured nearly all rebel-held territory, effectively ending the war and precipitating the mass displacement of much of the region's Serb population.
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