The Hundred Years' War was a series of connected conflicts fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France from 1337 to 1453 over the English crown's claim to the French throne and control of French territory. Fighting proceeded across intermittent phases rather than one continuous campaign, marked by English victories at Crecy in 1346, Poitiers in 1356 and Agincourt in 1415, the French recovery led by Joan of Arc from 1429, and the expulsion of English forces from mainland France by 1453, leaving Calais as England's last continental holding. Total deaths from combat, famine and the concurrent Black Death are not disentangled in the surviving record, and historians give only broad, debated regional estimates rather than one reconciled figure for the war as a whole.
Facts
CombatantsKingdom of England and its allies against the Kingdom of France and its allies 1 OutcomeFrench victory; England lost nearly all its continental territory, retaining only Calais 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
Battles and Campaigns
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Sources
Open Questions (1 open question)
Why does no single reconciled death toll exist for the Hundred Years' War?
Surviving medieval records mix combat deaths, famine deaths and deaths from the Black Death, which struck partway through the war and killed a large share of the population of both France and England independently of the fighting. No surviving source separates military and civilian losses across the war's many separate campaigns and decades, and modern historians have not attempted to reconcile the regional estimates into one total figure the way later, better-documented wars allow.
What would resolve this A demographic reconstruction disentangling plague mortality from war mortality region by region and campaign by campaign, which no study has yet attempted at the scale the whole war would require.
Medieval historical demographyWikipedia: Hundred Years' War
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