M1819 Hall rifle

The M1819 Hall rifle was a single-shot, breech-loading rifle, also considered something of a hybrid breech- and muzzle-loading design, created by John Hancock Hall and patented on 21 May 1811 before its adoption by the United States Army in 1819. Using a pivoting-chamber breech with either flintlock or percussion-cap ignition, it was produced at the Harpers Ferry Arsenal from the 1820s to the 1840s and was the first breech-loading rifle adopted in large numbers by any national army, though it remained overshadowed by common muskets and muzzle-loading rifles until the Civil War.