S-125 Neva/Pechora

The S-125 Neva, called Pechora in its modernised form and given the NATO reporting name SA-3 Goa, is a Soviet short-range surface-to-air missile system intended to destroy aircraft, cruise missiles, assault helicopters and other air targets flying at ground, low and medium altitudes. It grew out of the work on the S-75 and S-125 air defence systems carried out between 1957 and 1961 under the design leader A. A. Raspletin, and it entered operational service in 1961. The system uses a two-stage solid-fuel missile from the Isayev design bureau, guided by command signals from the LOW BLOW radar working with search radar and a radar altimeter. It can track six targets at a time and guide two missiles at once, and its missile can dive to engage surface targets and ships. Missiles are loaded onto trainable twin or quadruple launchers that are normally fixed but can be relocated. The Pechora-2M upgrade added noise-resistant electronics, doubled the launch pads and allowed mounting on a self-propelled chassis.