The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 grew out of Pakistan's harsh military crackdown on the independence movement in East Pakistan, which sent millions of refugees fleeing into neighboring India over the course of 1971. India intervened militarily in December 1971 in support of Bengali nationalist forces, and its combined air, naval and ground campaign in the eastern theater proceeded rapidly against Pakistani forces there. Pakistani forces in the east surrendered at Dhaka on 16 December 1971, one of the most decisive outcomes of any Indo-Pakistani war, and the surrender led directly to the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh from what had been East Pakistan.
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