The Iran-Iraq War was fought from 1980 to 1988 after Iraq under Saddam Hussein invaded Iran in September 1980, seeking to exploit the instability following Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution and to resolve long-standing border disputes over the Shatt al-Arab waterway. The war quickly settled into static, heavily fortified trench warfare reminiscent of the First World War, punctuated by human-wave infantry assaults, extensive Iraqi use of chemical weapons against Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish civilians, and periodic long-range missile exchanges between the two countries' cities known as the War of the Cities. Neither side achieved a decisive breakthrough despite years of grinding attrition along a largely static front, and the conflict finally ended with a United Nations-brokered ceasefire under Security Council Resolution 598 in August 1988, restoring approximately the prewar border. The war ranks among the costliest conflicts of the twentieth century in military casualties, with both belligerent states suffering losses in the hundreds of thousands without either achieving its original war aims.
Facts
Classification
Death Toll Min Conflict Type Connections
Associated With
Operation Praying Mantis, the 1988 US Navy action against Iran, arose from the Tanker War phase of the Iran-Iraq War
Source Wikipedia: Operation Praying Mantis
Uses
Source Wikipedia: M48 Patton
Source Wikipedia: M60 tank
Source Wikipedia: M60 tank
Source Wikipedia: Mark 41 vertical launching system
Source Wikipedia: MILAN (missile)
Source Wikipedia: MILAN (missile)
Source MIM-23 Hawk - Wikipedia
Source Mosin-Nagant (Wikipedia)
Source Mustard gas, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: OT-64 SKOT
Source Wikipedia: Panhard AML
Source Wikipedia: Panhard M3
Source Wikipedia: R-17 Elbrus
Source Wikipedia: R-60 (missile)
Source Rapier (missile) (Wikipedia)
Source Roland (missile), Wikipedia
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Source Wikipedia: Scud Missile
Source Wikipedia: Sea Killer / Marte
Source Wikipedia: Seacat (missile)
Source SK-105 Kürassier (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Star Model Z84
Source Wikipedia: FIM-92 Stinger
Source Wikipedia: T-34
Source Wikipedia: T-54/T-55
Source Wikipedia: T-54/T-55
Source Wikipedia: T-72
Source Wikipedia: Tabun (nerve agent)
Source Wikipedia: Toophan
Source Wikipedia: BGM-71 TOW
Source Wikipedia: Type 56 assault rifle
Source Wikipedia: Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier)
Source Wikipedia: Type 73 light machine gun
Source Wikipedia: Type 81 assault rifle
Source Wikipedia: Zastava M70 (assault rifle)
Source Wikipedia: Zastava M72
Source Wikipedia: ZSU-57-2
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1. Iran-Iraq War (Wikipedia)
Lead section, first paragraph, opening clause
The Iran-Iraq War, also called the First Imposed War, Eight-Year War, or Sacred Defense by Iran, began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980.
Lead section, second sentence
After eight years of conflict, both countries accepted a ceasefire deal brokered by the United Nations, which became effective in August 1988.
Infobox, Result field
Inconclusive
Lead text
The Iran-Iraq War, also called the First Imposed War, Eight-Year War, or Sacred Defense by Iran, began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980.
Infobox: casualties3
Civilian dead: 100,000+ Total dead: 450,000-500,000
Conflict-type attribute (iran-iraq-war)
The war quickly settled into static, heavily fortified trench warfare reminiscent of the First World War, punctuated by human-wave infantry assaults, extensive Iraqi use of chemical weapons against Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish civilians, and periodic long-range missile exchanges between the two countries' cities known as the War of the Cities.
View the Source2. Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 (GlobalSecurity.org)
Combatants listQuote, Combatants list
Iraq - Saddam's Ground Forces
Wikipedia: T-34
Wikipedia: M1911 pistol
WikipediaUses: M1911 Pistol, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: M4 Sherman
WikipediaUses: M4 Sherman Tank, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: Bazooka
Wikipedia: M1 Garand Rifle
WikipediaUses: M1 Garand Rifle, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Mosin-Nagant (Wikipedia)
Uses: Mosin-Nagant Rifle, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: AIM-9 Sidewinder Missile
WikipediaUses: AIM-9 Sidewinder Missile, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: BGM-71 TOW
Wikipedia- Uses: TOW Missile, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'
- Uses: BGM-71 TOW, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'
View the Source Wikipedia: T-72
Wikipedia: M60 tank
Wikipedia- Uses: M60 Patton, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'
- Uses: M60 tank, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'
View the Source Wikipedia: MILAN (missile)
Wikipedia- Uses: MILAN Anti-Tank Missile, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'
- Uses: MILAN, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'
View the Source Wikipedia: Harpoon (missile)
WikipediaUses: Harpoon Anti-Ship Missile, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: Ordnance QF 25-pounder
M1919 Browning machine gun, Wikipedia
Uses: M1919 Browning Machine Gun, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: BM-21 Grad
Wikipedia: 2K12 Kub
MIM-23 Hawk - Wikipedia
Wikipedia: 2S1 Gvozdika
Wikipedia: 122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
Wikipedia: DShK
Wikipedia: Beretta M12
Wikipedia: Zastava M70 (assault rifle)
Uses: Zastava M70 Assault Rifle, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: M40 recoilless rifle
Uses: M40 recoilless rifle, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: M3 submachine gun
Uses: M3 submachine gun, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: M113 armored personnel carrier
Uses: M113 armored personnel carrier, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: AGM-65 Maverick
Wikipedia: BTR-50
Wikipedia: M47 Dragon
Wikipedia: Ferret armoured car
Uses: Ferret armoured car, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: M47 Patton
Wikipedia: M48 Patton
Wikipedia: Panhard AML
Wikipedia: AGM-45 Shrike
Wikipedia: OT-64 SKOT
Wikipedia: 152 mm gun-howitzer D-20
Uses: 152 mm gun-howitzer D-20, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: S-75 Dvina
Wikipedia: R-17 Elbrus
SK-105 Kürassier (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia: Sea Killer / Marte
Uses: Sea Killer / Marte, infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: HOT (missile)
Wikipedia: Kh-58
Wikipedia: Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier)
Uses: Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier), infobox wars field: 'Iran-Iraq War'View the Source Wikipedia: Star Model Z84
Wikipedia: FIM-92 Stinger
Uses: Stinger Missile, Infobox: wars
Falklands War Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Angolan Civil War Sri Lankan Civil War Chadian-Libyan conflict Tajikistani Civil War Kargil War Yugoslav Wars Invasion of Grenada Second Chechen War War in Afghanistan Iraq War Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Russo-Ukrainian War
Uses: FIM-92 Stinger, Infobox: wars
Falklands War Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Angolan Civil War Sri Lankan Civil War Chadian-Libyan conflict Tajikistani Civil War Kargil War Yugoslav Wars Invasion of Grenada Second Chechen War War in Afghanistan Iraq War Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Russo-Ukrainian War
View the SourceWikipedia: Exocet Missile
WikipediaUses: Exocet Missile, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Exocet Missile, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Falklands War
Wikipedia: Scud Missile
WikipediaUses: Scud Missile, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Scud Missile, Infobox: wars
Yom Kippur War, Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War, Afghan Civil War (1989-1992), Yemeni Civil War (1994), First Chechen War, Second Chechen War, Libyan Civil War, Syrian Civil War, Yemeni Civil War (2014-present), Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, 2026 Iran war
Wikipedia: M2 Browning
WikipediaUses: M2 Browning Machine Gun, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: M2 Browning Machine Gun, Infobox: wars
World War II 1947-1949 Palestine war Indonesian National Revolution Korean War First Indochina War Suez Crisis 1958 Lebanon crisis Cuban Revolution Portuguese Colonial War Rhodesian Bush War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Colombian conflict Dominican Civil War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Cambodian-Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Nicaraguan Revolution Falklands War Operation Urgent Fury Kurdish-Turkish conflict (1978-2025) Iran-Iraq War Operation Just Cause Persian Gulf War Rwandan Civil War Somali Civil War Yugoslav Wars Operation Uphold Democracy War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) Iraq War Mexican drug war Syrian Civil War (2011-present) War in Iraq (2013-2017) Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) Russo-Ukrainian War
Wikipedia: M109 howitzer
WikipediaUses: M109 Paladin, Article text
Iran used the M109 in the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s.
Uses: M109 howitzer, Article text
Iran used the M109 in the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s.
View the Source Wikipedia: Chieftain (tank)
WikipediaUses: Chieftain Tank, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Chieftain Tank, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Persian Gulf War
Roland (missile), Wikipedia
Uses: Roland Missile System, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Roland Missile System, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Falklands War Gulf War Iraq War
Wikipedia: 9K38 Igla
WikipediaUses: 9K38 Igla, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: 9K38 Igla, Infobox: wars
Iran War 2026 Iran-Iraq War Sri Lankan Civil War Siachen conflict Somali Civil War Gulf War Yugoslav Wars Bosnian War Cenepa War Second Chechen War Iraq War First Libyan Civil War Syrian civil war Russo-Ukrainian War Sinai insurgency Kurdish-Turkish conflict (2015-present) 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Gaza war 2026 United States strikes in Venezuela
Wikipedia: 9K32 Strela-2
WikipediaUses: 9K32 Strela-2, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: 9K32 Strela-2, Infobox: wars
War of Attrition Yom Kippur War Portuguese Colonial War Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War The Troubles Basque conflict Western Sahara War Communist insurgency in Thailand Rhodesian Bush War Nicaraguan Revolution Uganda-Tanzania War Salvadoran Civil War 1982 Lebanon War Lebanese Civil War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Falklands War Second Sudanese Civil War South African Border War Soviet-Afghan War War in Afghanistan Syrian occupation of Lebanon Yugoslav Wars Iraq War Libyan Civil War Insurgency in Egypt Sinai insurgency Syrian Civil War War in Donbas Yemeni Civil War Libyan Civil War Russo-Ukrainian war Gaza war Iran war
Rapier (missile) (Wikipedia)
Uses: Rapier Missile System, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Rapier Missile System, Infobox: wars
Falklands War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War
Wikipedia: 2S3 Akatsiya
Uses: 2S3 Akatsiya, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: 2S3 Akatsiya, Infobox: wars
Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Tajikistani Civil War First Chechen War Second Chechen War South Ossetia War First Libyan Civil War Second Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War War in Donbas 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Russo-Ukrainian War
Wikipedia: Type 56 assault rifle
Uses: Type 56 Assault Rifle, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Type 56 Assault Rifle, Infobox: wars
Vietnam War Rhodesian Bush War Cambodian Civil War Laotian Civil War Sino-Vietnamese War Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Sri Lankan Civil War Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Somali Civil War Tuareg rebellion (1990-1995) Persian Gulf War Kosovo War War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) Iraq War Kivu conflict Iraqi insurgency (2011-2013) War in Iraq (2013-2017) OLA insurgency Russo-Ukrainian war 2025 Cambodia-Thailand conflict
Wikipedia: KPV heavy machine gun
Uses: KPV heavy machine gun, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: KPV heavy machine gun, Infobox: wars
Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Rhodesian Bush War Western Sahara War Angolan Civil War South African Border War Soviet-Afghan War Libyan-Chadian conflict Iran-Iraq War Gulf War First Chechen War Second Chechen War Russo-Georgian War Iraq War Lebanese Civil War First Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Russo-Ukrainian War Second Libyan Civil War Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Saudi-Yemeni border conflict (2015-present)
Wikipedia: SPG-9
Uses: SPG-9, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: SPG-9, Infobox: wars
Vietnam War Iran-Iraq War Salvadoran Civil War Lord's Resistance Army insurgency Gulf War Lebanese Civil War Iraq War Second Sudanese Civil War Third Sudanese Civil War Libyan Civil Wars Northern Mali conflict Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) War in Donbas Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 2022 Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan clashes Russo-Ukraine War Gaza war
Wikipedia: Mark 41 vertical launching system
Uses: Mark 41 Vertical Launching System, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Mark 41 Vertical Launching System, Infobox: wars
Cold War Tanker War Gulf War Kosovo War War on terror Red Sea crisis
Wikipedia: 7.62x51mm NATO
Uses: 7.62x51mm NATO, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: 7.62x51mm NATO, Infobox: wars
Vietnam War, Six-Day War, Yom Kippur War, Iran-Iraq War, Falklands War, The Troubles, Gulf War, War in Afghanistan, Iraq War, Libyan Civil War, Syrian Civil War, Yemeni Civil War (2014-present), Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, among other conflicts
Wikipedia: AMX-10P
Uses: AMX-10P, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: AMX-10P, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Bosnian War War in Iraq (2013-2017)
Wikipedia: MT-LB
Uses: MT-LB, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: MT-LB, Infobox: wars
Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Transnistrian War First Nagorno-Karabakh War War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) First Chechen War Second Chechen War Iraq War Russo-Georgian War Boko Haram insurgency Syrian civil war War in Iraq (2013-2017) Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Russo-Ukrainian War
Wikipedia: AMX-30
Uses: AMX-30, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: AMX-30, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Persian Gulf War Saudi Arabian-Yemeni border conflict
Wikipedia: M107 self-propelled gun
Uses: M107 self-propelled gun, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: M107 self-propelled gun, Infobox: wars
Vietnam War Yom Kippur War Cambodian-Vietnamese War Iran-Iraq War 1982 Lebanon War South Lebanon conflict (1985-2000)
Wikipedia: B-10 recoilless rifle
Uses: B-10 recoilless rifle, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: B-10 recoilless rifle, Infobox: wars
Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War Laotian Civil War Yom Kippur War Portuguese Colonial War Lebanese Civil War Western Sahara War Angolan Civil War Lord's Resistance Army insurgency Iran-Iraq War Somali Civil War Gulf War Third Sudanese Civil War Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) Houthi-Saudi Arabian conflict Sudanese civil war (2023-present) 2025 Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict
Wikipedia: R-60 (missile)
Uses: R-60 (missile), Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: R-60 (missile), Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War South African Border War Lebanese Civil War Russo-Ukrainian war
Wikipedia: Seacat (missile)
Uses: Seacat (missile), Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Seacat (missile), Infobox: wars
1971 Indo-Pakistani War Iran-Iraq War Falklands War South African Border War
Wikipedia: EE-11 Urutu
Uses: EE-11 Urutu, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: EE-11 Urutu, Infobox: wars
Chadian-Libyan conflict Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Colombian conflict Brazilian drug war Libyan Civil War (2011) Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017) 2024 Ecuadorian conflict
Wikipedia: Type 73 light machine gun
Uses: Type 73 light machine gun, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Type 73 light machine gun, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Lebanese Civil War Syrian Civil War Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017) Yemeni Civil War (2015-present) Russo-Ukrainian War
Wikipedia: AMX-30 AuF1
Uses: AMX-30 AuF1, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: AMX-30 AuF1, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Yugoslav Wars
Wikipedia: EE-9 Cascavel
Uses: EE-9 Cascavel, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: EE-9 Cascavel, Infobox: wars
Colombian Civil War Western Sahara War Egyptian-Libyan War Chadian-Libyan War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Second Congo War Iraq War Internal conflict in Burma First Libyan Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Boko Haram insurgency Second Libyan Civil War
Wikipedia: Beretta M1951
Uses: Beretta M1951, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Beretta M1951, Infobox: wars
Lebanese Civil War Iran-Iraq War Persian Gulf War Iraq War Syrian civil war
Wikipedia: Type 81 assault rifle
Uses: Type 81 assault rifle, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Type 81 assault rifle, Infobox: wars
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts Cambodian-Vietnamese War Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Sri Lankan Civil War Lord's Resistance Army insurgency Barin uprising Gulf War Croatian War of Independence Bosnian War Kosovo War Kargil War War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) Iraq War Boko Haram insurgency Syrian Civil War Internal conflict in Myanmar 2025 Cambodia-Thailand conflict
Wikipedia: Zastava M72
Uses: Zastava M72, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Zastava M72, Infobox: wars
Salvadoran Civil War Soviet-Afghan War Iran-Iraq War Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Yugoslav Wars Iraq War Operation Enduring Freedom Syrian Civil War OLA insurgency
Wikipedia: 9M14 Malyutka
WikipediaUses: 9M14 Malyutka, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: 9M14 Malyutka, Infobox: wars
Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War Yom Kippur War Western Sahara War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Croatian War of Independence Kosovo War 2006 Lebanon War First Chechen War Second Chechen War Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Saudi-Yemeni border conflict (2015-present) Tigray War Gaza war
Wikipedia: Panhard M3
Uses: Panhard M3, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Panhard M3, Infobox: wars
Portuguese Colonial War Angolan Civil War Lebanese Civil War Iran-Iraq War Gulf War Internal conflict in Burma Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017) Yemeni Civil War (2015-present)
Wikipedia: Toophan
Uses: Toophan, Infobox: warsQuote, Uses: Toophan, Infobox: wars
Iran-Iraq War 2006 Lebanon War Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013-2017) Yemeni Civil War
Wikipedia: T-54/T-55
WikipediaUses: T-55, Wikipedia article text
The tank was heavily used during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88.
Uses: T-54/T-55, Wikipedia article text
The tank was heavily used during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88.
View the Source Grumman F-14 Tomcat, Wikipedia
Uses: F-14 Tomcat, Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: F-14 Tomcat, Wikipedia article text
Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force used them during the Iran-Iraq War.
Mustard gas, Wikipedia
Uses: Mustard Gas, Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: Mustard Gas, Wikipedia article text
As a chemical weapon, mustard gas has been used in several armed conflicts since World War I, including the Iran-Iraq War.
Wikipedia: Tabun (nerve agent)
Uses: Tabun, Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: Tabun, Wikipedia article text
Tabun was only known to have been used in the extensive Iraqi chemical attacks of the Iran-Iraq War.
Wikipedia: ZSU-57-2
Uses: ZSU-57-2, Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: ZSU-57-2, Wikipedia article text
During the Iran-Iraq War, ZSU-57-2s were used by both Iraq and Iran.
Wikipedia: Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)
Uses: Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked), Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked), Wikipedia article text
The Iranian army deployed its Scorpions with the reconnaissance regiment of the 28th Infantry Division in the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War.
Wikipedia: F-4 Phantom II
WikipediaUses: F-4 Phantom II, Wikipedia article textQuote, Uses: F-4 Phantom II, Wikipedia article text
Israeli Phantoms saw extensive combat in several Arab-Israeli conflicts, while Iran used its large fleet of Phantoms, acquired before the fall of the Shah, in the Iran-Iraq War.
Wikipedia: Sarin
Uses: Sarin, Article textQuote, Uses: Sarin, Article text
April 1988: Iraq used Sarin four times against Iranian soldiers at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, helping Iraqi forces to retake control of the al-Faw Peninsula during the Second Battle of al-Faw.
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